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Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers. These materials determine the pad’s absorbency, comfort, and overall effectiveness. Below, we explore the key components of sanitary pads and their functions.

1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is designed to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to ensure comfort. Common materials used for the top sheet include:

• Nonwoven Fabric: Made from polypropylene or polyethylene, this material is lightweight and allows liquid to pass through quickly.
• Perforated Film: Some pads use a thin, perforated plastic film to provide a dry surface feel.

The primary function of the top sheet is to keep the skin dry while allowing menstrual fluid to pass through to the absorbent core.

2. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of the sanitary pad, responsible for retaining menstrual fluid. It typically consists of:

• Fluff Pulp: A biodegradable material made from wood pulp, known for its high absorbency.
• Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP): These are synthetic materials that can absorb many times their weight in liquid, enhancing the pad’s capacity.

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP ensures that the pad can handle varying flow levels while preventing leaks.

3. Back Sheet (Barrier Layer)

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leaks and keep moisture from reaching clothing. Materials used include:

• Polyethylene Film: A waterproof plastic layer that provides a reliable barrier.
• Breathable Microporous Film: Some premium pads use this material to allow air circulation while still blocking liquid.

The back sheet must be flexible and durable to withstand movement without tearing.

4. Adhesive Strip

An adhesive strip is applied to the back sheet to secure the pad in place on underwear. It is usually made from:

• Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive: A type of glue that sticks firmly to fabric but can be removed without leaving residue.

This component ensures the pad stays in position during use, providing stability and preventing shifting.

5. Release Paper

The release paper covers the adhesive strip before use. It is typically made from:

• Silicone-Coated Paper: This allows the paper to peel away easily without affecting the adhesive.

Its function is to protect the adhesive until the pad is ready to be used.

6. Wing Materials (If Applicable)

Many sanitary pads feature wings that fold over the sides of underwear for extra security. These are usually made from:

• Nonwoven Fabric: The same material as the top sheet, ensuring consistency in feel and function.
• Additional Adhesive: Wings often have small adhesive strips to keep them in place.

Wings help prevent