Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pad manufacturing.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with superabsorbent polymers (SAP) to enhance its capacity.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These synthetic materials can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring long-lasting dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid transfer to the absorbent core. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and provide a smooth surface.
– **Perforated Film**: Some pads use a perforated plastic film as the top sheet, which allows for rapid liquid absorption while maintaining a dry surface.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. It is usually made from:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A thin, flexible plastic film that is impermeable to liquids, ensuring that menstrual fluid does not seep through to clothing.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: Some high-end pads use breathable films that allow air to circulate while still preventing leakage, enhancing comfort.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad to the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives are activated by pressure and are commonly used for their ease of application and removal.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is a protective layer that covers the adhesive before use. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is easy to peel off and ensures that the adhesive remains intact until the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Raw Materials

The materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure optimal performance:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid is paramount. This is primarily achieved through the absorbent core materials like wood pulp and SAP.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be soft and gentle on the skin to prevent irritation and discomfort.
– **Breathability**: Materials should allow air to circulate to reduce the risk of skin irritation and odor.
– **Leakage Prevention**: The back sheet and adhesive must work together to prevent any leakage, ensuring that the pad stays securely in place.
– **Biodegradability**: With increasing environmental concerns, there is a growing demand for biodegradable materials that minimize environmental impact.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide comfort, safety, and effectiveness. Understanding their composition and properties helps in appreciating the engineering behind these everyday essential products.