Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials commonly used in sanitary pads.

## Core Absorbent Material

The core of a sanitary pad is designed to absorb menstrual fluid efficiently. The primary materials used in the absorbent core include:

– **Wood Pulp**: This is the most common absorbent material. It is highly absorbent and helps in retaining fluid within the pad.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: SAP is a synthetic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to its own mass. It is often used in combination with wood pulp to enhance absorption capacity.

## Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is designed to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials used for the top sheet include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene, nonwoven fabrics are soft, breathable, and allow for quick fluid transfer to the absorbent core.
– **Perforated Film**: Some pads use a perforated plastic film as the top sheet, which provides a smooth surface and prevents leakage.

## Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used for the back sheet include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: This is a common material used for its waterproof properties. It is lightweight and flexible, providing an effective barrier against leaks.
– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Some pads use a breathable nonwoven fabric for the back sheet, which allows for better air circulation and reduces the risk of skin irritation.

## Adhesive

Adhesives are used to keep the sanitary pad in place within the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types of adhesives include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: This type of adhesive is applied in a molten state and solidifies upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: These adhesives are designed to stick firmly when pressure is applied, making them ideal for securing sanitary pads.

## Additional Components

Some sanitary pads may include additional components to enhance comfort and functionality:

– **Wings**: These are extensions on the sides of the pad that fold over the edges of the underwear to provide extra protection against leaks.
– **Fragrance**: Some pads are infused with a light fragrance to mask menstrual odor. However, fragrances can sometimes cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
– **Moisturizers**: Certain pads include moisturizing agents like aloe vera to soothe the skin and reduce irritation.

## Properties of Raw Materials

The properties of the raw materials used in sanitary pads are critical to their performance:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid is paramount. Materials like wood pulp and SAP are chosen for their high absorbency.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be soft to prevent irritation and ensure comfort during use.
– **Breathability**: Materials that allow air to circulate help reduce the risk of skin irritation and discomfort.
– **Leakage Protection**: The back sheet and adhesive must work together to prevent leaks and keep the pad securely in place.
– **Hypoallergenic**: Materials should be hypoallergenic to minimize the risk of allergic reactions or skin irritation.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide optimal absorbency, comfort, and protection. Understanding these materials and their properties can help consumers make informed choices and ensure a positive experience with menstrual hygiene products.